Court Decisions

Why Do Federal Courts Have Jurisdiction Over Some Georgia Personal Injury Cases?

February 27, 2015 | Benjamin S. Persons, IV

Most personal injury cases are filed in state court. That is because most torts, including personal injury, are governed by state law. There are, however, times when a personal injury case is filed in state and then removed (transferred) to a federal court. This is typically done by out-of-state defendants, usually corporations, who believe the federal court gives them an advantage.

Federal courts are generally thought to be friendlier towards defendants than state courts. One reason for this is that, although state law still governs the underlying personal injury lawsuit, federal courts follow different rules regarding the admission of evidence than state courts. The federal rules are uniform throughout the country, while the rules in a Georgia state court are specific to the state.

That said, a defendant cannot remove a case from state to federal court unless certain legal requirements are met. First and foremost, there must be complete “diversity” among the parties. This just means the plaintiff and defendant must be residents of different states. For example, if a Georgia plaintiff files a personal injury lawsuit against a business incorporated in Florida, there is complete diversity.

Insurer Not Liable for Judgment Against Babysitter in Toddler Drowning Case

February 6, 2015 | Benjamin S. Persons, IV

When a child dies on someone’s property as the result of negligence, the property owner and other responsible parties may be held liable for millions in damages. Many property owners take out insurance policies to protect them against such judgments. But how far do these policies extend? A recent federal case arising from the death of a Georgia toddler helps illustrate how insurance helps (or does not help) in such situations.

Moon v. Cincinnati Insurance Company

In March 2009, a two-year-old child died after drowning in a swimming pool located at on a property in Buford. At the time, the child was under the care of a babysitter, who was watching multiple children on the property, where she also lived. The babysitter’s father owned the property.

Defendant Fails to Evade Service of a Personal Injury Lawsuit

January 30, 2015 | Benjamin S. Persons, IV

If you are injured in a car accident as the result of someone else’s negligence, you should be mindful of legal time limits to file a lawsuit against the responsible parties. Under Georgia law, the statute of limitations for filing a personal injury claim is two years “after the right of action accrues,” such as when the car accident took place. But it is not enough to simply file your complaint in court; you must also serve the defendants with your lawsuit before the two-year period expires.

Service is the formal process of notifying a defendant of your lawsuit. If the defendant lives in Georgia, service must be done in person, usually through the local sheriff’s office. As will be explained below, the rules for service are different when the defendant is a non-resident. In any case, improper service may lead to dismissal of your case.

Arias v. Cameron

Negligence Settlement Leads to Litigation Between Defendants

January 23, 2015 | Benjamin S. Persons, IV

When there are multiple defendants in a personal injury lawsuit, those defendants may choose to work together in litigating or settling a claim. But sometimes these joint efforts result in additional litigation. One defendant may settle and demand the other pay for part of that settlement. An ongoing case in a Georgia federal court illustrates how these situations can play out.

Gold Cross EMS, Inc. v. The Children’s Hospital of Alabama

This case began in 2009, when a hospital in Georgia asked a hospital in Birmingham, Alabama, to accept one of its patients, a two-year-old burn victim. The Alabama hospital hired an ambulance company to transport the child from the Georgia hospital to a nearby airport. The Alabama hospital sent two of its employees to supervise the child’s care during the transfer. The child was secured to a stretcher during transport.

Supreme Court Rejects New Trial Based on Alleged Juror Bias

December 19, 2014 | Benjamin S. Persons, IV

While many personal injury lawsuits settle without the need for a trial, plenty of cases still go before a jury. Jurors are supposed to be fair and impartial. Attorneys for both sides question prospective jurors to screen them for possible biases. But the system is not perfect. The United States Supreme Court recently dealt with a case where there was evidence of juror bias that may have unduly affected the verdict in favor of a defendant.

Warger v. Shauers

Personal injury cases, such as those arising from an automobile accident, are almost always tried under the law of the state where the accident took place. But when the parties are from different states—say, the plaintiff lives in Georgia and the defendant is an insurance company based in Delaware—the case is tried in a federal court. This means that, while the underlying negligence claim is decided according to the forum state’s laws, the rules governing the trial itself are determined by Congress and the Supreme Court.

Appeals Court Says Insurer May Be in Default for Late Filing

December 15, 2014 | Benjamin S. Persons, IV

In any civil lawsuit, it is important for all parties to comply with certain deadlines. Courts require filing of documents within a certain time, and failure to comply can result in an adverse decision. A major auto insurance company recently learned that lesson from the Georgia Court of Appeals

Kelly v. Harris

In this case, the plaintiff was in an automobile accident with the defendant, who was an uninsured motorist. Because the defendant was uninsured, the plaintiff also served his own insurance company, seeking benefits under his uninsured motorist coverage. The insurance company later joined the lawsuit.

Court of Appeals Rules Midwives Can Offer “Expert” Testimony Against Nurses

December 8, 2014 | Benjamin S. Persons, IV

Expert testimony is usually the key to winning a medical malpractice case. Georgia law governs the admission of expert testimony. In a lawsuit alleging negligence against a medical professional, a proposed expert must be “a member of the same profession” as the defendant. In other words, a pharmacist cannot offer expert testimony in a malpractice case against a neurosurgeon.

A divided Georgia Court of Appeals recently addressed a much closer question: is a certified nurse midwife in “the same profession” as a registered professional nurse?

Dempsey v. Gwinnett Hospital System, Inc.

City Not Liable for Accident Caused by Officer “On Loan” to County

December 1, 2014 | Benjamin S. Persons, IV

Normally, if an employee acting within the scope of his or her employment commits negligence, the employer is considered liable. Under Georgia law, one exception to this rule exists when the employer “lends” the employee to another employer. If the employee then commits negligence while working on loan to the second employer, the first employer is not liable. The Georgia Court of Appeals recently applied this “borrowed-servant” exception in a personal injury lawsuit brought by a woman injured by a police officer.

Garden City v. Herrera

The incident took place in July 2010. The victim was driving her vehicle in Chathan County. A Garden City, Georgia, police officer, was driving his vehicle and struck the victim’s car. The victim suffered serious injuries as a result and sued numerous parties, including the City of Garden City.

Determining “Ordinary Care” in a Rear-End Collision

November 17, 2014 | Benjamin S. Persons, IV

A driver must exercise “ordinary care” when driving on Georgia roads. When an accident occurs, the courts must sort out each driver’s negligence, or lack thereof, in determining liability. In the case of a rear-end collision, for instance, neither the leading nor the following vehicle is automatically presumed to be at fault.

Dogan v. Buff

This principle recently came up in a Georgia Court of Appeals decision. The case arose from back-to-back accidents that occurred in 2009 on Interstate 75. Four vehicles were involved altogether. The plaintiff was driving a van in the third lane of the five-lane highway. The defendant was driving a tractor-trailer for his employer. There was a truck in front of the plaintiff and a fourth vehicle, a BMW, in the lane to the plaintiff’s left.

Appeals Court Says Defense Attorney’s Closing Arguments Did Not Influence Jury

November 3, 2014 | Benjamin S. Persons, IV

An attorney’s opening and closing arguments during trial should not be confused for evidence. The attorney may attempt to persuade the jury on how to best interpret the evidence introduced at trial. But a jury is not supposed to substitute rhetoric for evidence.

Recently, the Georgia Court of Appeals addressed the issue of whether the content of an attorney’s closing statements could justify overturning the jury’s verdict. The underlying case was a personal injury lawsuit where the jury had to determine the relative fault of two drivers. The jury ruled for the defendant, prompting the plaintiff to argue defense counsel’s closing arguments improperly affected the decision.

Young v. Griffin